INTRODUCTION
Python is a high-level general-purpose and very popular programming language. It allows us to develop applications using an Object-Oriented approach. In Python, we can easily create and use classes and objects. By which it focuses on writing the reusable code. It is a widespread technique to solve the problem by making things. The latest Python 3 version is used in web development, Machine Learning applications, and all cutting-edge technology in the software industry. It is a healthy suite for Beginners and experienced programmers with other programming languages like C++ and Java.
Basically, python is not a fully Object-oriented language like java or some other programming language. It means python works fine with or without the oops concept with reliable and short syntax and provide the following benefits to the coder
- Easy to Learn & Code
- Free and High Level Language
- Portable
- Large Collection of Packages and Modules
- Interpreted
Basic syntax
The first program of python :
print("hello, world!")Output:
hello, world!
Why object-oriented (oops)concept here
so when everything works fine then why do we need oops in python as we all know oops(object-oriented programming) also provide some benefits to programming languages like
- Modularity for easier troubleshooting
- Reuse of code through inheritance
- Flexibility through polymorphism
- Effective problem solving ,etc
These concepts make python a more special, famous, and modern language. let`s start a detailed study of how oops pillars work in python.
Oops Concept
Python is a great programming language that supports Object-Oriented Programming systems is call OOPS
There are four pillars of Oops:
- Encapsulation
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism
- Abstraction
CLASS
A class is a blueprint that defines the variables and the methods common to all objects of a certain kind. To define a class in Python, you can use the keyword.
#class declaration
class Person:
def __init__(self):
pass
OBJECT
An object is a software bundle of variables and related methods which represent real-world entities. Objects have states and behavior. To instantiate an object, type the class name, followed by two brackets.
#object declaration
p = Person()
example
Methods in a class
A method is a function that “belongs to” an object. Methods are defined within a class, we use the def keyword to define a method in a class.
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def say_hi(self):
print("Hello")Example:
class Person:
# init method or constructor
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
# Sample Method
def say_hi(self):
print('Hello, my name is', self.name)
p = Person('Rahul')
p.say_hi()Output:
Hello, my name is Rahul
Encapsulation
It describes the idea of wrapping data and the methods that work on data within one unit. This puts restrictions on accessing variables and methods directly and can prevent the accidental modification of data
Encapsulation: To enclose something in or as if in a capsule
class Computer:
def __init__(self):
self.__maxprice = 900
def sell(self):
print("Selling Price: {}".format(self.__maxprice))
def setMaxPrice(self, price):
self.__maxprice = price
c = Computer()
c.sell()
# change the price
c.__maxprice = 1000
c.sell()
# using setter function
c.setMaxPrice(1000)
c.sell()In the above code, to change the value of the price of the computer you can only do it by using the set function or using the underscore.
Output:
Selling Price: 900 Selling Price: 900 Selling Price: 1000
Inheritance
Inheritance is the capability of one class to derive or inherit the properties from an added class.
Inherit: To receive a quality, characteristic, etc., from your parents or family.
The benefits of inheritance are:
- It represents real-world relationships well.
- It provides the reusability of a code. We do not have to write the same code again and again. It allows us to add more features to a class without modifying it.
- It is transitive, which means that if class B inherits from added class A, all the subclasses of B would automatically inherit from class A.
class Parent():
def first(self):
print('first function')
class Son(Parent):
def second(self):
print('second function')
ob = Son()
ob.first()
ob.second()
Output:
first function second function
Abstraction
Abstraction is used to hide the internal functionality of the function from the users. The users only interact with the basic implementation of the function; inner working is hidden. User is familiar with that “what function does” they do not know “how it does.”
Abstraction: A general idea in place of one that relates to a particular object, person, or situation.
#Abstract Class
class Vehicle:
def start(self,name=""):
print(name,"is Started")
def acclerate(self,name=""):
pass
def park(self,name=""):
pass
def stop(self,name=""):
print(name,"is stopped")
class Bike(Vehicle):
def acclerate(self, name=""):
print(name,"is accelrating @ 60kmph")
def park(self, name=""):
print(name,"is parked at two wheeler parking")
class Car(Vehicle):
def acclerate(self, name=""):
print(name,"is accelrating @ 90kmph")
def park(self, name=""):
print(name,"is parked at four wheeler parking")
def main():
print("Bike Object")
b=Bike()
b.start("Bike")
b.acclerate("Bike")
b.park("Bike")
b.stop("Bike")
print("\nCar Object")
c = Car()
c.start("Car")
c.acclerate("Car")
c.park("Car")
c.stop("Car")
if __name__=="__main__":main()
Output:
Bike Object Bike is Started Bike is accelrating @ 60kmph Bike is parked at two wheeler parking Bike is stopped Car Object Car is Started Car is accelrating @ 90kmph Car is parked at four wheeler parking Car is stopped
Polymorphism
The word polymorphism means having many forms. In programming, polymorphism means the same function name (different signatures) being use for different types.
Polymorphism: The condition of occurrence in several different forms.
class Dog:
def Speak(self):
print("Woof Woof")
class Cat:
def Speak(self):
print("Meow meow")
class AnimalSound:
def Sound(self, animal):
animal.Speak()Output:
woof woof Meow mwow
That’s all for this blog, I Hope so learned about python and why we use the oops concept in python, and in the next blog, we will learn more about python so stay tuned.
Thank you!!
References
https://www.roberthalf.com/blog/salaries-and-skills/4-advantages-of-object-oriented-programming
